Physical norm RS-485
The EIA set a new standard: RS-485. Introduced in 1983, is an improved version of the RS-422. Multipoint interface is considered as communication and allows up to 32 transceivers on a common data bus, so it has the third state (enabled) so that no collisions in the channel decomunicación.
The RS-485 standard is based on a differential system which eliminates any noise that be incorporated into the communication channel.
A electrical effects are fully compatible with the standard RS-422. The logic levels are referred to electric:
Figure 1. Electric signals by the RS-485 interface.
Signals used by this standard are:
Señal | Definición |
A o D+ | Señal de emisión/recepción no invertida transitida al canal de comunicaciones |
B o D- | Señal de emisión/recepción invertida transmitida al canal de comunicaciones |
FG | Masa de protección |
Table 1.
In the RS-485 standard with the kind of half-duplex differential transmission characterized by:
- Using two wires or cables, referenced to ground.
- The data is obtained from the difference of the electrical signal between the two wires that comprise the communications channel.
- The fact that the type of transmission is half-duplex indicates that each device can send and receive, but not simultaneously.
- The RS-485 standard allows speeds up to 10 Mbps and distances up to 1200 meters.
- This physical standard allows the configuration of a network with up to 32 workstations.
The standard RS-485 incorporates a third state that allows a computer to be placed in high-impedance state, and therefore does not read anything, it is as if you were disconnected from the line.
Usually the enable is in reception status "0". If you want to convey, simply put a "1" in the corresponding enable input.
Figure 2. Transmission differential applied to the RS-485 standard.
There are many applications in industrial communications in which the RS-485 standard is used for data transmission, such as PROFIBUS.
Figure 3. Example of a Profibus network with different components.
The main features are that the maximum length is approximately 1200 meters at a speed of 90 kbps, and the maximum speed is 10 Mbps link As with any communication system, speed and link length are inversely related mind: if want maximum speed, the cable must be of a few meters and vice versa.
The rule states that the maximum number of teams is 32, but with high impedance receivers can reach 256 teams. RS485 adapters using a power supply of 5 volts to its circuits.
Figure 4 shows that each team has an adapter link with the lines TD / RD and empowerment (T - / R) to control the mode of operation of the team:
- When this entry has a "O", the machine is in receive mode and can sniff the traffic on the network.
- When this control input is set to "1", the device will transmit mode and when it is ready to send data to the network.
In a network configuration working under the standard RS-485 any computer can communicate with the rest, which is an advantage over the RS-422, but otherwise complicated control network access.
Figure 4. Configuring a network stranded on the RS-485 standard.
As was the case for the RS-422, and as it happens in most networks, you should place termination resistors (Rt) at the ends of the communications channel to maintain at all times the impedance on the line and that is the order of 120 ohms.
Figure 5. Esuqemática a network configuration for the RS-422.
Exist in the market various electronic circuits comprising the RS-422 standard which facilitate construction of these industrial equipment, such as those shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Circuits that make up the RS-485 standard.
Below is a table, in summary, the various physical standards developed in this chapter.
Parameters |
RS-232C |
RS-422-A |
RS-485 |
|
Working mode |
Single-pole |
Differential |
Differential |
|
Emission Number and receiver |
1emisor 1 receptor |
1 transmitter 32 receivers |
32 transmitters 32 receivers |
|
Maximum cable length |
15 meters |
1200 meters |
1200 meters |
|
Maximum transmission speed |
20kbps |
Up to 10 mbps |
Up to 10 mbps |
|
Number of Lines |
Up to 25 (data and control) |
Up to 4 (data and control software) |
2 (data and control software) |
|
Cable Type |
Specific cable (wire many as signals) |
Twisted pair (2 pairs) |
Twisted pair (1 pair) |
|
Topology that support |
Point to Point |
Multipoint (point to point from main to secondary) Ring |
Point to Point Multipoint Ring Bus |
|
Simultaneity in transmission |
Simplex Half Duplex Full Duplex |
Full Duplex |
Half Duplex |
|
Salidad voltage sender |
No charge Loaded |
+ / - 5 V + / - 15 V |
+ / - 2 V + / - 6 V |
+ / - 1.5 V + / - 6 V |
Table 2.
- Font: Vicente Guerrero, Ramon L. Yuste, Luis Martinez, Industrial Communications, page 33-36.